Rangkuman Bahasa Inggris Semester 1

1. BAB I (NARRATIVE)

v Speaking

1. Compliment,  Congratulation, and Gratitude

You often compliment and congratulate others many ways. When they do the same to you, you also respond to them. Following are some ways to express compliment and congratulation, gratitude and the respones.

Number	Expression	Functions
1.	Congratulations on winning …I think you’re very talented .Well done .You’re wonderfu on …I must congratulate you on your …	Congratulating
2.	What a…. !That’s a very nice …I like your …You’re looking good !You’re great !	Complimenting
3.	Thanks .You’ve made my day .Oh, not really .It’s nice of you to say so .How kind of you to say so .	Responding to compliments and congratulations
4.	Thank you .Thanks for everything .Thanks for do it .	Gratituding
5.	That’s OK .Don’t mention it .It was nothing .You’re welcome .	Responding to gratitude

1. Likes and Dislikes

During the course of many conversations discussing you likes and dislikes may come up with someone you don’t know well but you want to find out that, there are several expression that can be used to ask things. Examples to expressions likes and dislikes and the respons :

Expressions	Response
Do you like (..football) ?	Yes, I love them .No, not really .
What do you think of (..cheese)?	I can’t eat it .It’s so delicious .
Which do you prefer (…reading comic or reading novel) ?	I prefer reading comic .Actually, I don’t like either, I prefer… (adventuring)
What is your favorite (…cartoon) ?	My favorite cartoon is Doraemon .
How do you like about (..basketball) ?	I think it’s a boring game .I’m crazy about watching it, and I happy if I can play it !

1. Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Present Continous TenseS   +   is/am/are   +   V   +  ingShe  had said “Ellin is waiting for you”	Past Continous TenseS   +   was/were   +   V   +   ingShe had said that Ellin was waiting for me.
Simple Present  TenseS   +   V1Ryan said “I help my father after school”	Simple Past TenseS   +   V2Ryan said that he helped his father after school.
Simple Past TenseS   +   V2They said “We studied english yesterday”	Past Perfect TenseS   +   had   +   V3They said that they had studied the day before.
Pressent Perfect TenseS   +   has/have   +   V3He had said “My sister has played doll”	Past Perfect TenseS   +   had   +   V3He said that his sister had played doll.
Simple Future TenseS   +   will   +   V1Aya said “I will be a teacher next year”	Past Future TenseS   +   would   +   V1Aya said that she would be a teacher the following year.
Future Past TenseS   +   should/would   + V1Arie said “I would walk if I were you”.	Past Future PerfectS   +   should/would   +V3Arie said that  he would have walked if he had been me”.
ModalsCanMayMustNextToday …ago Tonight Yesterday Tomorrow	ModalsCouldMightHad toFollowingThat day …before That night The day before The next day

v Reading

1. Narrative Text

A narative text is a text that entertains and intructs the readers. It entertains because it deals with the unusual and unexpected development of events. It intructs because it teaches readers that problems should be confronted,and attempts made to resolve them.

• Purpose     :   to amuse or entertain the reader with actual / imaginary exprience in difference ways. Narrative always deal with some problems which lead to the climax and then turn into a solution to the probem.
• Text Organization         :

Orientation            :   who were involved in the story, when and where  (beginning).

Evaluation             :   a stepping back to evalute the flight.

Complication                   :   a problem arises followed by other problems (middle).

Resolution             :   solution to the problem (ending).

Re-orientation       :   optional.

• Languange Features     :

The use of noun phrases.

The use of connectives (first, second, then …)

The use of adverbs phrases of time and place (in the…, at…)

The use of simple past tense (S + V₂)

The use of action verb (run, drink, …)

The use of saying verb (say, tell, …)

The use of thingking verb, feeling verbof series.

• Example Narrative Text :

Rabbit and Bear

Once upon a time, there lived as neighbours, a bear and a rabbit. The rabbit is a good shot. In contrary, the bear is always clumsy ad could not use the arrow to good advantage.

One day, the bear called over the rabbit and asked the rabbit to take his bow and arrows and came with bear to the other side of the hill. The rabbit was fearing to arouse the bear’s anger so he could not refuse it. He consented and went with the bear and shot enough buffalo to satisfy the hungry family. Indeed he shot and killed so many that there was lots of meat left after the bear and his family had loaded themselves and packed all they could carry home.

The bear was very gluttonous and did not want the rabbit to get any of the meat. Th e rabbit could not even taste the blood from the butchering as the bear would throw earth on the blood and dry it up. The poor rabbit would have to go home hungry after his hard day’s work.

The bear was the father of five children. The youngest child was very kind to the rabbit. He was very hearty eater. The mother bear always gave him an extra large piece of meat but the youngest child did not eat it. He would take it outside with him and pretended to play ball with the meat. He kicked toward the rabbit’s house and when he got close to the door he would give the meat with such a great kick. The meat would fly into the rabbit’s house. In this way, the poor rabbit would get his meal unknown to the papa bear.

v Writing

1. Advertisement

Advertisement is announcement which tries to make sure that people know that something is forsale, that something is going to happen, that a show is on. Advertisement is commonly abbreviated as “ad”.

Example :

1. Past Simple Tense

One of significant lexico grammatical features in wrting a narrative is using the past tense. We also use the Past Simple Tense to talk about :

Single events in the past

Ex : a.He met her yesterday.

b. They went to Bandung in 2010

Repeated events in the past

Ex : a. We went to school everyday except at Sunday.

Past states

Ex : a. When I was a child, I lived in Sidoarjo.

Positive and negative forms

I
You	Liked
He	Didn’t like	The Japanese food
She	Saw
We	Didn’t see	Conan Movie
They

Wh-Question

		You
When	did	They	Leave school ?
		He
		She

Yes / no question

Example            :a. at 9 o’clock

b. on Monday

c. in April

Short Answer

Example            : a. Yesterday

b. ago

c. Last (next, week, years, etc)

–          We leave Surakarta at 11 p.m on Monday.

Directions and instructions :

–          You take the P2 to Bandung.

We often use present tenses and connectors showing sequence in a simiar ways to give instructions, demontrations, and directions. (procedural text)

First, I put an once of butter into a frying pen and light the gas ; then while the butter,s melting, I break three eggs into a bowl …

First and then are connectorsof sequence that we use to show he structure of what we are saying. Another example of connectors are next, last, finally, first(ly), second(ly), third(ly).

1. Reflexive Pronoun

Here are the reflexive pronoun types and function :

1. There are two types of reflexive pronoun :

• Singular                :  myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself.
• Plural          :  ourselves, yourselves, themselves.

1. Reflexive pronoun can be used to emphasize the person or thing you Simple Sentence (Transitive and Intransitive)

When the predicate is followed by an object is called transitive. Predicate that is followed by noun, an adjective, and an adverb it is call intransitive. Example :

a)    You have doraemon comics.(transitive)

b)    I enjoyed playing kite. (transitive)

c)    My sister is working. (intransitive)

d)    Duck can swimm. (intransitive)

1. AdverbsPhrase and Adverb Clause

Prepositions begin most adverbs, such as to, in, at, out, of, on, for, until, etc. Dverb can take the form of phrase or clause with conjuction, as, before, although, etc.

1. Adverb phrase

¶         to go to Bali.

¶         He play basket ball in the school yard.

¶         Rahma go to school at 9 o’clock.

1. Adverb clause

¶         Although this morning, Rani go to school.

¶         Before we go to school, we always breakfast.

1. Action Words

When we looked at the languange features of narrtives, we saw that action words arre used to describe what is happening. Action words are called “verbs”. By using the right verb, the narrator can give the audience a better description of the action. Compare the following :

¶         She moved sideways                  She darted sideways

¶         He ate his lunch quickly           He gobbled his lunch

¶         He said quietly                          He whispered

Here is a list of verbs that give the audience a better description of the action.

1. Raced                             f.    Comanded
2. Deposited                        g.   Pondered
3. Loitered                          h.   Lectured
4. Chuckled                        i.    Trudged
5. Collapsed                        j.    Was flogged